Rare Babylonian Hematite Cylinder Seal - Ancient Artifact

This rare and exquisite Babylonian hematite cylinder seal is a remarkable piece of ancient history, dating back to the period between 1531 BCE and 1000 BCE. Crafted from black hematite, a slightly magnetic iron oxide, this cylinder seal stands at 19mm in height and weighs 5.402 grams. Its pristine condition and detailed engravings make it a truly exceptional artifact.

The seal depicts a significant scene featuring the god Shamash, the sun god and deity of justice in Babylonian mythology. Shamash is shown receiving a petition from a worshipper, who is guarded by a slave holding a club. The iconography is indicative of the societal structure and religious beliefs of ancient Babylon, highlighting the importance of justice and divine intervention in daily life.

Historical Significance and Usage

Cylinder seals were commonly used in Mesopotamia from the late 4th millennium BCE to the 1st millennium BCE. They served as personal signatures or identification markers, rolled onto clay tablets to leave an impression. The scenes engraved on these seals often depicted religious or mythological themes, indicating the owner's devotion and status.

This particular seal, with its depiction of Shamash, suggests that its owner was likely involved in legal or administrative activities. The presence of a slave with a club emphasizes the hierarchical nature of Babylonian society and the protective roles of servants or slaves.

Material and Craftsmanship

Hematite, known for its hardness and ability to hold fine detail, was a valued material in ancient Babylon. The seal's slight magnetism is characteristic of hematite, making it both a functional and prestigious item. The durability of hematite ensures that the engravings have remained well-preserved over millennia, retaining their sharpness and detail.

Provenance and Authentication

This cylinder seal comes with a certificate of authenticity from J. Bagot Ancient Art, a reputable source in the field of ancient artifacts. It also has an export license for the EU, ensuring its legal status for international buyers. The seal was previously part of the collection of a well-known New York City collector and was acquired between 1960 and 1980. The presence of an old label adds to its historical value and authenticity.

Condition and Rarity

The seal is in pristine condition, an extraordinary rarity for artifacts of this age. The sharpness of the engravings and the lack of significant wear suggest it was well-preserved, likely buried in a favorable environment. Such well-preserved hematite seals are rare, making this piece highly valuable for collectors.

Collectible Value

For collectors, this Babylonian hematite cylinder seal offers immense value not only for its historical significance but also for its documented provenance and pristine condition. The seal's connection to a notable collector and its authentication by a respected source provide additional assurance of its legitimacy and value.